1. Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
2. Program for Addiction Research, Clinical Care, Knowledge and Advocacy (PARCKA) and Greater Intermountain Node (GIN) of the NIDA Clinical Trials Network, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
3. Informatics, Decision–Enhancement, and Analytic Sciences Center, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
4. Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
5. Department of Physical Therapy, Center for Pain Research, Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA