1. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, California, USA
2. Institute for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
3. Trauma Services Department [under Department of Emergency Medicine], University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, California, USA
4. Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, California, USA