1. American National Election Studies. 2021. ANES time series cumulative data file 1948-2020. Last Modified November 18 2021. Accessed November 29 2021. https://electionstudies.org/data-center/anes-time-series-cumulative-data-file/
2. Ancestry.com. 2021. About 1870 United States Federal census. Last Modified April 6 2021. Accessed January 2 2021. https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7163/
3. Anderson, M. 1988. The American census: A social history. New Haven: Yale University Press.
4. Arenson A. and J. Giesberg. 2021a. More people than we thought get excluded when the right to vote isn’t protected: What an 1870 census question tells us about voter suppression during reconstruction. Washington Post March 26.
5. Arenson, A., and J. Giesberg. 2021b. Who is denied the right to vote? Insights from the full-count 1870 data. Paper presented at Minnesota Population Center Data Intensive Research Conference, Minneapolis, MN, July 22.