1. Pinard's work is largely derived from Neil J. Smelser's theory of collective behavior as published in Smelser'sTheory of Collective Behavior(London: Collier-Macmillan Ltd., 1962).
2. Maurice Pinard,The Rise of a Third Party; a Study in Crisis Politics(Toronto: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1975).
3. V. O. Key, Jr.Politics, Parties, and Pressure Groups, 5th ed. (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1964), p. 281.
4. M. S. Stedman, S. W. Stedman,Discontent at the Polls; a Study of Farmer and Labor Parties 1827–1948(New York: Russell and Russell, 1967), p. 168.
5. Cf., Daniel A. Mazmanian, “Third Parties in Presidential Elections,” inParties and Elections in an Anti-Party Age(Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1978), p. 306.