1. Department of Leisure and Service Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
2. Department of Leisure, Recreation and Tourism Management, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
3. Tourism Polytechnic of Lombok, Praya, Central Lombok, Indonesia
4. General Education Center, National Quemoy University, Kinmen, Taiwan
5. Department of Tourism, Hamzanwadi University, Selong, East Lombok, Indonesia