1. Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna, Tunisia;
2. Ecole Supérieure d’Agriculture de kef, University of Jendouba, Tunisia;
3. Regional Agricultural Development Research Center of semi-arid North-West, Kef, Tunisia;
4. Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal;
5. Department of Agriculture, Mediterranea University, Reggio Calabria, Italy