1. a Earth Observation Group , NOAA‐NESDIS National Geophysical Data Center , Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
2. b Dipartimento di Astronomia , Università di Padova , Padova 2‐35122, Italy
3. c Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologia dell'Inquinamento Luminoso (ISTIL) , Thiene 13‐36016, Italy
4. d NASA Johnson Spaceflight Center , Houston, Texas 77058, USA
5. e Cirrus Digital Systems , Tiburon, California 94920, USA
6. f Department of Geography , University of Denver , Denver, Colorado 80208, USA; Department of Geography, Population and Environmental Management, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
7. g Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University , Palisades, New York 10964‐8000, USA
8. h NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, California 94035, USA
9. i The Urban Wildlands Group , P.O. Box 24020, Los Angeles, California 90024‐0020, USA
10. j Department of Geography , University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089‐0255, USA
11. k Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences , University of Colorado 80309, USA
12. l International Population Center , San Diego State University , San Diego, California 92182, USA
13. m World Health Organization , CH‐1271 Geneva 27, Switzerland