1. International Doctoral Innovation Centre & School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
2. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services & Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Coastal Zone of the Ministry of Natural Resources, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
3. College of Information Engineering & Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
4. School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK