1. Lodge, T. 1983.Black Politics in South Africa since 1945, 67–88. London: Longman.
2. Gerhart, G. 1978.Black Power in South Africa: the Evolution of an Ideology, 46–50. 89Berkeley: University of California Press.
3. Ellis, S. and Sechaba, T. 1992.Comrades Against Apartheid: The ANC and the South African Communist Party in Exile, 26–28. London: James Currey.
4. Thomas, S. 1990. “The Diplomacy of Liberation: the International Relations of the African National Congress of South Africa, 1960–1985”. 49University of London. unpublished doctoral dissertation