1. Between 1976 and 1985, Sudan had nine different administrations, some of which survived for only a year. They included the administrations of Ismail al Azhai (1956–1957), Abdula Khalid (1957–1958), Gen Ibrahim Abboud (1958–1964). Al-Khalifa (1964–1965), Mohammed Mahgoub (1965–1966), Sadiq al Mahdi (1966–1967), Mohammed Mahgoub (1967–1969), Col Gaafar al Numeiri (1969–1985). Numeiri was briefly overthrown in 1971, but he quickly staged successful a counter-coup with the help of Libya
2. Prendergast, J. 1997.Crisis Response: Humanitarian Bands-Aids in Sudan and Somalia, 5London: Pluto.
3. The Sudan, 1985–9: the Fading Democracy