1. Ambassador Ramtane Lamamra , Key Note Address to the Open Session of the 284th Meeting of the Peace and Security Council of the AU , held at the Headquarters of the AU in Addis Ababa , Ethiopia , 11 July 2011 .
2. I thank one of the anonymous reviewers of the original draft of this article who drew my attention to the need for more prominent focus on this dimension in understanding the role and limitations of the APSA norms and institutions.
3. United Nations , Universal Declaration of Human Rights , (UN Doc. GA resolution 217 A (III) of 10 December 1948), United Nations, preambular para . 3 .
4. Fouad Ajami , The demise of the dictators , News Week , 14 February 2011 , 18 – 27 .