1. Balthasar, V. 1964.Monographie der Scarabaeidae und Aphodiinae der palearktischen und orientalischen Region, Vol. 3, 652Prague: Verlag der Tschechoslowakischen Akademie der Wissen schaften. original not seen, relevent parts quoted in Landin (1965)
2. Broun, T. 1886.“Manual of the New Zealand Coleoptera” Pts. 3 and 4, 770–771. Wellington: Govt. Printer.
3. Dillon, E. S. and Dillon, L. S.A manual of Common Beetles of Eastern North America, Row, Peterson and Co884Evanston, 111, and Elmsford, N.Y. pp. 559–563