1. Communication Department, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
2. Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
3. Department of Media, Communications, Creative Arts, Language, and Literature (MCCALL), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
4. Digital Media and Society Observatory (DMSO), Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil