1. Institute for Advanced Studies Department, Univeriti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2. Fakulti Pendidikan, Univeriti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
3. Fakulti Sastera Dan Sains Sosial, Univeriti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
4. Criminology and Correctional Department, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia