1. Interviews were conducted in 1988 with approximately 45 community members (35 female, 10 male) as part of a wider study on changing gender roles in various cultural contexts in Canada. All interviews were tape-recorded and followed an open-ended interview guide. Data on resettlement emerged in discussions of how male and female roles have changed in the past 100 years. Methodology is discussed in the author's “The Progressive Verification Method: A Feminist Methodology for Studying Women Cross-Culturally,”Women's International Studies Forum(forthcoming). Appreciation is extended to the Canadian Embassy, Washington, D.C., for its grant support; to the Scientific Institute of the NWT and the people of Pangnirtung for their generous cooperation and permission to conduct research; to Kyra Mancini (research assistant and transcriber) and Sheila Qappik (interpreter) for their invaluable assistance; and to Ned Franks for a sensitive reading of an earlier draft.
2. The term resettlement is used here to imply forced or coerced relocation of Native peoples from their traditional lands and camps into newly created centers of population. While many Inuit came into the settlements voluntarily on the wave of government-induced momentum, the process is the effect of social policy rather than of individual choice. Sociologically, the process has some similarities to the enforced move of Indians onto reserves and tode factoorde jureconcentration of African-Americans into urban ghettos.
3. Victor F. Valentine and Frank G. Vallee, eds.Eskimo of the Canadian Arctic(Toronto: Macmillan, 1978), xii.
4. Reworked from Gerhard Lenski and Jean Lenski,Human Societies: An Introduction to Macrosociology, 3rd ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978) and Janet Billson, “Social Change, Social Problems, and the Search for Identity: Canada's Northern Native Peoples in Transition,”American Review of Canadian Studies18, no. 3 (Autumn 1988): 295–316.
5. Colin Irwin, “Lords of the Arctic: Wards of the State: The Growing Inuit Population, Arctic Resettlement, and Their Effects on Social and Economic Change—A Summary Report,”Northern Perspectives17, no. 1 (January-March 1989).