1. See Alan Cairns, “The Charter, Interest Groups, Executive Federalism, and Constitutional Reform,” in David E. Smith, et. al., eds.After Meech Lake(Saskatoon: Fifth House, 1991); Alan Cairns, “Political Science, Ethnicity and the Canadian Constitution,” in David P. Shugarman and Reg Whitaker, eds.Federalism and Political Community(Peterborough: Broadview, 1990); and Allan Cairns and Cynthia Williams, “Constitutionalism, Citizenship and Society in Canada: An Overview,” in Alan Cairns and Cynthia Williams, eds.Constitutionalism, Citizenship and Society in Canada, Research Studies, Royal Commission on the Economic Union and Development Prospects for Canada, vol. 34 (Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services, 1985).
2. SeeCitizen's Forum on Canada's Future: Report to the People and Government of Canada(Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services, 1991).
3. John Meisel, “The Decline of Party,” in Hugh Thorburn, ed.Party Politics in Canada, 6th ed. (Scarborough: Prentice-Hall, 1991). This essay appeared originally in 1979 in an earlier edition of this volume.
4. Ibid., 178–80. There is also a substantial literature concerning this phenomenon in American politics. See James Q. Wilson,The Amateur Democrat(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1966); David Broder,The Party's Over: The Failure of Politics in America(New York: Harper Colophon, 1972); William Crotty,American Parties in Decline, 2nd ed, (Boston: Little, Brown, 1984); and Martin P. Wattenberg, TheDecline of American Political Parries, 1952–1988(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1990).
5. Ibid., 181, 198–99.