1. School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
2. Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA
3. The Population Health Research Institute, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA
4. Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA
5. Center for Reducing Health Disparities, The MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA