1. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA;
2. Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA;
3. University of North Carolina Project-Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi;
4. Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Soweto, South Africa;
5. Malawi College of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Project, Chichiri, Malawi;
6. BJGMC Clinical Trials Unit, Pune, India;
7. Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA;
8. Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa;
9. Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa;
10. Makerere University, Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Mulago Kampala, Uganda;
11. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe;
12. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA;
13. University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe;
14. University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences Clinical Trials Research Centre, Harare, Zimbabwe;
15. Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa and School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa;
16. Family Health International 360, Durham, NC, USA;
17. Anova Health Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa;
18. School of Public Health & Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa;
19. Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA;
20. Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA;
21. Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA