1. Business School, Shandong University Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China;
2. School of Hospitality and Tourism Administration, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA;
3. Regents Professor & William E. Davis Distinguished Chair, Director of the Center for Hospitality & Tourism Research, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA;
4. School of Hotel and Restaurant Administration, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA