1. School of Travel Industry Management, University of Hawai’i, Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai’i, USA;
2. International Services Management Research Institute, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, Dalian, China;
3. Department of Tourism, Sport, and Hotel Management, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia;
4. Griffith Institute for Tourism, Department of Tourism, Sport, and Hotel Management, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia