1. Regional Policies, Takasaki City University of Economics, Takasaki, Japan;
2. School of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK;
3. School of Tourism & Hospitality Management, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa;
4. Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA;
5. Senior Research Fellow, School of Tourism & Hospitality Management, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa