1. Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain. Emails: and
2. CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
3. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
4. University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
5. Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
6. Barcelona Centre for International Affairs (CIDOB), Barcelona, Spain