1. Department of Economics and Statistics ‘Cognetti de Martiis’, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
2. Bureau of Research on Innovation, Complexity and Knowledge (BRICK), Collegio Carlo Alberto, Turin, Italy.
3. Current address: DIGEP, Polytechnic of Turin, Turin, Italy.
4. Faculty of Economics and Law, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy.
5. Department of Accounting, Finance and Economics, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK.