1. For the purposes of this article, complementary medicine is defined as nonallopathic treatment prescribed in addition to conventional treatment Alternative medicine is defined as nonallopathic treatment prescribed in lieu of conventional treatment. See Yoon-Hang Kim et al., Distinguishing Complementary Medicine from Alternative Medicine, 162 ARCH. INT. MED. 943 (2002).
2. In 1990, individuals spent approximately $13.7 billion on alternative therapies. See David Eisenberg et al., Unconventional Medicine in the United States: Prevalence, Costs, and Patterns of Use, 328 NEW ENG. I. MED. 246 (1993). See also David M. Eisenberg et al., Trends in Alternative Medicine Use in the United States, 1990-1997: Results of a Follow-Up National Survey, 280 J.A.M.A. 1569 (1998).
3. Reed Abelson & Patricia Leigh Brown, Alternative Medicine Is Finding Its Niche in Nation's Hospitals, N. Y. TIMES, Apr. 13, 2002, at C1.
4. Klaus Linde & Cynthia D. Mulrow, St. John's Won for Depression, COCHRANE DATABASE SYSTEM REV., 2000, available at http://www.update-software.com/cochrane.
5. Dieter Melchart et al., Acupuncture for Recurrent Headaches: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials, CEPHALALGIA, Nov. 1999, at 779-86.