1. Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Bartın University, Bartın, Turkey
2. Faculty of Nursing, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
3. Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Malatya Turgut Özal University, Malatya, Turkey
4. Elazığ Mental Health and Diseases Hospital, Alcohol and Drug Addiction Treatment and Research Center, Elazığ, Turkey