1. Ibid 211–12.
2. This phrase was famously coined by HLA Hart in his The Concept of Law (OUP, Oxford 1961). See,inter alia, pp 92–93, 94–96 and 97–107. The phrase refers to a jurisdiction's ultimate test of legal validity, the apex of the metaphorical pyramid where law runs out and only politics and morality remain. It is where appeals to law end—the ultimate political fact.
3. See [9]–[21].