1. Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2. School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
3. Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
4. State Grid Energy Research Institute, Beijing 102209, China
5. School of International Trade and Economics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing 100029, China
6. Sustainable Development Research Institute for Economy and Society of Beijing, Beijing 100081, China