The Nature and Philosophy of Baltic Dissent: A Comparative Perspective

Author:

Vardys V. Stanley

Abstract

Opposition to Soviet rule has deep roots and traditions in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Modern dissentism, however, is a response to Soviet rule different from what we call opposition in the West. In the Baltic republics it must be dated from 1968, the watershed year in the rise of human rights movement in the Soviet Union. In Estonia and Latvia, dissident activity was galvanized to life primarily by the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia which provoked vocal criticism. In Lithuania, reaction to Czechoslovakia's occupation coincided with the growing concern that an increasingly severe implementation of prohibitive anti-religious legislation will choke off the existence of the Catholic church. Concern for religious rights served as the primary catalyst for the reborn dissent movement in Lithuania.

Publisher

Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Subject

Political Science and International Relations,History,Geography, Planning and Development

Reference54 articles.

1. RLR 496/76 December 14, 1976, p. 19.

2. A separate study needs to be written of violations of individual human rights in the Baltic republics. Here I can indicate only some of the major sources for obtaining information on individual cases. These include: all Baltic samizdat publications; Arkhiv samizdata publ. in the West; reports by Western correspondents in the Soviet Union, publ. in major U.S., Canadian, and European newspapers. In the English language most information is available on the situation in Lithuania. Periodic reports are in Lituanus, in the annual The Violations of Human Rights in Lithuania, which also gives translations of samizdat, in the publications of the Congressional Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, in Radio Liberty Research bulletins. The latter sources contain information on all three Baltic republics. Of samizdat publications, only The Chronicle of the Catholic Church of Lithuania has been periodically translated into English and available from the Lithuanian Information Center in Brooklyn, New York. Other information is also available in the press releases of this Center. See also the references in this article.

3. See Kowalewski David , “Dissent in the Baltic Republics: Characteristics and Consequences,” Journal of Baltic Studies, Vol. X, No. 4 (1979), p. 310ff; also his “Lithuanian Progest for Human Rights in the 1970s: Characteristics and Consequences,” Lituanus, Vol. XXV, No. 2, p. 45.

4. See Profiles: The Helsinki Monitors. Compiled and prepared by the Staff of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, Washington, D.C., December 10, 1979.

5. Tiesa, August 27, 1981, p. 3.

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