A Recurrent Tragedy: Ethnic Cleansing as a Tool of State Building in the Yugoslav Multinational Setting

Author:

Mulaj Klejda

Abstract

Ethnic cleansing, with its severe repercussions of millions of refugees and internally displaced people in addition to the deaths of hundreds of thousands and the massive destruction of property, has necessitated the study of this phenomenon with a view to understanding its causes in order to find ways to prevent its recurrence or alleviate its consequences. “Ethnic cleansing” is not what lawyers call “a term of art,” i.e. it lacks legal definition and also a body of case law. For the purposes of this paper “ethnic cleansing” is taken to mean a systematic policy designed by and pursued under the leadership of a nation or ethnic community or with its consent, with a view to removing—by means of force and/or intimidation—a population deemed “undesirable” because of its ethnic, national or religious origin. Although ethnic cleansing can be a gradual, low-intensity process, carried out incrementally over a long period of time, the following analysis concentrates mainly on large-scale cases of ethnic cleansing, that is, cases in which the number of uprooted people is upwards of tens of thousands.

Publisher

Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Subject

Political Science and International Relations,History,Geography, Planning and Development

Reference130 articles.

1. The Global Food Fight

2. For the Washington Agreement see Silber and Little, Yugoslavia: Death of a Nation , Chapter 25.

3. Marcus Tanner, Croatia: A Nation Forged in War (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1997), p. 287.

4. Malcolm, Bosnia, p. 228; Magaš, Destruction of Yugoslavia, p. xv.

5. That Communist Yugoslavia saw far less ethnic cleansing than other periods may be attributed to the fact that the region fell into the Communist bloc, whose official policy did not emphasise ethno-national differences to the extent of exclusion. Moreover, the Cold War tended to hinder intrastate conflicts.

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