1. Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center, Wakayama, Japan
2. Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan
3. Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
4. Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan