1. Alptekin, Erkin. 1990. The April 1990 uprising in East Turkestan.Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs11 (2): 254–56.
2. Cartier, Carolyn L. 2001.Globalizing South China.Oxford and Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Publishers.
3. Chan, Shelly. 2009. The Overseas Chinese (huaqiao) project: Nation, culture and race in modern China, 1890–1966. PhD diss., Department of History, University of California, Santa Cruz.
4. Chang, Renxia. 1985.Haishang silu yu wenhua jiaoliu[The Maritime Silk Road and cultural exchange]. Beijing: Haiyang chubanshe.
5. Chen, Da. 1923.Chinese migrations, with special reference to labor conditions.Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.