1. Lewis, Bernard. 1968.The Emergence of Modern Turkey,, 2nd ed., 334–335. London: Oxford University Press. In an Eurocentric account of Turkish nationalism Lewis wrote, "In the course of the nineteenth century the overtones of the French word patrie began to affect the Islamic word vatan. As early as the 1790s, AIi Effendi, the Turkish ambassador to the Directoire, in describing French arrangements for the care of disabled soldiers, speaks of men who had suffered in the cause of the Republic and out of zeal for their vatan. This was a new notion for AIi Effendi's time, and it is likely-for he was not a perceptive man-that he or his interpreter was merely translating literally from an original he did not understand." See