1. Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
2. Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
3. Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
4. Pharmacy Benefits Management Services, National Clinical Pharmacy Practice Office, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, USA
5. Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
6. Zuckerberg School of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA