LDL-C does not cause cardiovascular disease: a comprehensive review of the current literature

Author:

Ravnskov Uffe1,de Lorgeril Michel2,Diamond David M34,Hama Rokuro5,Hamazaki Tomohito6,Hammarskjöld Björn7,Hynes Niamh8,Kendrick Malcolm9,Langsjoen Peter H10,Mascitelli Luca11,McCully Kilmer S12,Okuyama Harumi13ORCID,Rosch Paul J14,Schersten Tore1516,Sultan Sherif8,Sundberg Ralf17

Affiliation:

1. Independent investigator, Lund, Sweden

2. Laboratoire Coeur et Nutrition, TIMC-IMAG, School of Medicine, University of Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France

3. Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Center for Preclinical and Clinical Research on PTSD, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA

4. Department of Psychology, Center for Preclinical and Clinical Research on PTSD, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA

5. Japan Institute of Pharmacovigilance, Osaka, Japan

6. Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama Jonan Onsen Daini Hospital, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan

7. Strömstad Academy, Strömstad, Sweden

8. Western Vascular Institute, University Hospital Galway & Galway Clinic, National University of Ireland & Royal college of Surgeons of Ireland affiliated Hospital, Galway, Ireland

9. East Cheshire Trust, Macclesfield District General Hospital, Macclesfield, UK

10. Private Practice in Cardiology, Tyler, Texas, USA

11. Medical Service, Comando Brigata Alpina “Julia”/Multinational Land Force, Udine, Italy

12. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VA Boston Healthcare System West Roxbury, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

13. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Nagoya City University, Mizuhoku, Nagoya, Japan

14. New York Medical College, The American Institute of Stress, New York, NY, USA

15. Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascluar and Metabolic Research, Sahlgren’s Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

16. Department of Metabolism, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

17. Independent Researcher, Lidingö, Sweden

Funder

Western Vascular Institute

Publisher

Informa UK Limited

Subject

Pharmacology (medical),General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics,General Medicine

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