1. Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
2. Smart and Sustainable Cities Program, University Nove de Julho – Uninove, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
3. School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, UK
4. Research Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa