1. Department of Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management, National Chi Nan University, Puli Township, Taiwan
2. Department of Business Administration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
3. Ph.D. Program in Strategy and Development of Emerging Industries, National Chi Nan University, Puli Township, Taiwan
4. Department of Marketing and Tourism Management, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan