1. North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
2. School of Business and Creative Industries, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
3. TREES (Tourism Research in Economics, Environment, and Society), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
4. School of Economic Sciences and TREES (Tourism Research in Economics Environs and Society), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa