1. School of Hospitality Management, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
2. Conrad N. Hilton College of Global Hospitality Leadership, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
3. Institute of Human Resource Management, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Sizihwan, Taiwan
4. School of Applied Sciences, Hotel Management Program, Özyegin University, Istanbul, Çekmeköy, Turkey