1. Estimands, Handling of Missing Data and Impact on Assumed Effect Size and Power in Pivotal COVID-19 Treatment Trials
2. European Medicines Agency (EMA). ICH E9 (R1) addendum on estimands and sensitivity analysis in clinical trials to the guideline on statistical principles for clinical trials. 17 February 2020. Accessed March 19, 2023. ICH E9 (R1) addendum on estimands and sensitivity analysis in clinical trials to the guideline on statistical principles for clinical trials - Step 2b (europa.eu)
3. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). E9 (R1) Statistical principles for clinical trials: Addendum: Estimands and sensitivity analysis in clinical trials. Guidance to Industry. May 2021. Accessed March 19, 2023. Microsoft Word - 32470419fnl E9 (R1) Statistical Principles for Clinical Trials Addendum Estimands and Sensitivity Analysis in (fda.gov)
4. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). Addendum on estimands and sensitivity analysis in clinical trials to the guideline on statistical principles for clinical trials E9(R1). 20 November 2019. Accessed March 19, 2023. E9-R1_Step4_Guideline_2019_1203.pdf (ich.org).
5. Assessing adverse events in clinical trials during the era of the COVID-19 pandemic