1. New Testament: ak Kalimur Ekäl an ar Iroij im Dri Lomor Jisös Kraist, New York, American Bible Society, 1885. Portions of the above and of the Old Testament were printed earlier in Honolulu (Mark, 1863; The Gospels and Acts, 1865 and 1875; Mark and John, 1873; Genesis, 1878) and in New York (Genesis, Jonah, Psalms, Romans, Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, and Philippians, 1881). Later New York printings include revised editions in 1895, 1899 (including a revised Psalms), 1914 (including the Old Testament books mentioned above, revised, and Isaiah), and 1931. The 1914 edition was entitledMätön Kalimur eo mokta kab Kalimur Ekäl; Jeje ko re Kwojarjar(Marshall Island Scriptures) and was reprinted in 1933, 1939, 1945, 1950, 1955, 1956, 1959, and 1960. According to records of the American Bible Society 5000 copies of theNew Testament and Psalmsand 9200 copies of theMarshall Island Scriptureshave been published since 1914. A parallel Marshallese-English edition of the New Testament only was published in 1948. Other Protestant Mission publications included an A-B-C book (Buk in A, Honolulu, 1863), a geography text (Buk in Jeokrapi, New York, 1864), an arithmetic book (Buk in Bwinbwin, Kusaie, 1935), and a hymn book (Buk in Al kob Tun ko ¯ön ro Dri Aili¯ in Marshall, Boston, 1944). (The author wishes to acknowledge assistance from the Navy Dictionary (see Note 5 below) and the American Bible Society in compiling this bibliographical information.) These together with some Roman Catholic mission publications (see Note 3 below) constitute the bulk of all materials published in Marshallese up until 1955 and have been instrumental in shaping what we term in this paper the traditional orthography. In addition to the consonant symbols shown for it in Table 1, and the five Roman vowel letters, the traditional orthography also usesAandomodified by diacritics.