1. State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
3. Institute of Climate System, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science, China Meteorology Administration, Beijing, China
4. Climate Change Institute, School of Earth and Climate Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA