1. Department of Frailty Research, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan;
2. Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan;
3. Department of Health Informatics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan;
4. Department of Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;
5. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan;
6. Department of Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan;
7. Department of Rheumatology, Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan;
8. Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan