1. State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Systems, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2. Xinjiang Academy of Environmental Protection Science, Urumqi 830011, China
3. Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
4. Department of Information Technology and Decision Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
5. Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
6. School of Computer Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
7. Information Center of Guizhou Department of Land and Resources, Guiyang 550004, China
8. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China