1. Faculty and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
2. Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
3. Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Nomi, Japan
4. Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
5. Nanomaterials Research Institute, Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
6. Graduate School of Science and Technology, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan