1. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
2. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
3. Joint Centre for Global Change Studies, Beijing, China
4. School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK