1. Department of Social Work, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA
2. LifeSkills Center for Child Welfare Education and Research, College of Health and Human Services, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States
3. School of Nursing and Allied Health, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA
4. School of Health Professions, The University of Plymouth, Plymouth, England
5. Professor Emeritus, College of Social Work, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA