1. Western Center of Disaster Mitigation in Civil Engineering, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, PR China
2. Dunhuang Academy, Dunhuang, PR China
3. National Research Center for Conservation of Ancient Wall Paintings, Dunhuang, PR China
4. Gansu Provincial Research Center for Conservation of Dunhuang Cultural Heritage, Dunhuang, PR China
5. Oxford Resilient Buildings and Landscapes Laboratory, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK