1. See. for example, the articles in Richard L. Rudolph, and David F. Good. Nationalism, and Empire: the Habsburg Monarchy, and the Soviet Union. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992.
2. Kann 1977. pp. 1-23. For the importance of the landed nobility, and their institutions in the formation of pre-modern European kingships, and the identities attached to them, see J. Strayer. 'The laicization of French, and English society in the 13th century.' pp. 253-63., and The statute of York, and the community of the Realm' pp. 269 83. in Joseph R. Slraycr (ed.). Medieval Statecraft, and the Perspective of History, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1971. Also, for early kingship, and nobility in Europe, Jarich G. Oosten, 'Ideology, and the development of European kingdoms.' in Henri J.M Claessen, and Jarich G. Oosten (eds), Ideology, and the Formation of Early States. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1996. pp. 220-241.
3. Beatrice F. Manz. 'Military manpower in late Mongol, and Timurid Iran'. L'Héritage timouride, Iran-Asie Centrale-Inde, XVe-XVIIIe siècles. Cahiers d'Asie Centrale. 3-4 (1997). pp. 43-56. For examples of the way in which Mongols, and indeed Iranians classed Iranians as men without military' talenl, see references to Tajiks in Hasani 1987. pp. 80,92., and in Mu'în al-Dfn Zamjl Isfizârî. Rawdat al-jannât fi awsàf madinal Harät, ed. Sayyid Muhammad Küzirn Imam. Tehran. 1338/1959. pp. 14, 108, 115.
4. See, for example: 'Abd al-Razzaq Samarqandi. Mafia' al-sa 'dayn wa majma' albahrayn. Muhammad Shafi' (ed.). Lahore. 1360-68/1941-49. pi. II. pp. 644, 684, Hafiz-i Abrü, Majma' ut-tawarfkh, ms. Istanbul. Fatih 4371/1, f. 8a, Hafiz-i Abrü. Zubdat attawârîkh. ed., Sayyid Kamâl Hâjj Sayyid Jawâdî. Tehran, sh. 1372.1. pp. 332,357. H. 609.
5. See, for example: Nizäm al-Dîn Shamî, Histoire des conquêtes de Tamerlan intitulee Zafarnäma, par Nizamuddin Sâinf (ed.) F. Tauer. Prague. vol. 1,1937. vol. Il, 1956. vol. I. p. 140, Mu'izz al-ansâb fîshajârat al-ansab. ms. Paris, Bibliotèque Nationale, #67. ff. 129b, 133a. 134a, 142b.