1. Identity, Race, History: South Africa and the Pan-African Context
2. McDonald, D.A., ed. 2000.On Borders: Perspectives on International Migration in Southern Africa, 2New York: St Martins for the Southern African Migration Project. In 1986, the apartheid government erected a 137 km electric fence along South Africa's northern border with Zimbabwe. Eleven years later, South Africa's first post-apartheid Minister of Defence, Joe Modi se, threatened to turn on the electric fence separating South Africa and Mozambique to 'lethal' mode, to stem the flow of illegal migrants from that country
3. 1997.The Star, Johannesburg, 6 May
4. 1995. Talk of turning up the power again as illegal immigrants flood through the fence into South Africa'.Sunday Independent, 13 August