1. Gladkin , Yu. N. Dobroskok , V. A. and Semenov , S. P. 2000.Sotsial 'no-ekonomicheskay a geografiya Rossii, 117–156. Moscow: Gardariki. For an overview of Russia's natural resource endowment see V. D. Andryanov, Rossiya v mirovoi ekonomike (Moscow, 2000), pp. 6-10; and
2. Bard , V. S. 2000.Investitsionnye problemy Rossiiskoi ekonomiki, 211–221. Moscow: Ekzamen. for a thorough discussion of the problem of Russian economic decline and how to gauge it. Judging by physical production in the construction and consumption areas, and comparing 1997 with 1985, the decline has been massive: production of excavators fell by five-sixths, of bulldozers by six-sevenths, of steamrollers by seven-tenths, of cement by two-thirds and of concrete materials by five-sixths ; oil and gas condensate declined by two- fifths; in the consumer area, production of meat fell by one-third, of sausage product s by half, of butter by more than half, of cheese and related dairy product s by three-fifths, of eggs by a quarter and of sugar by about a quarter (Bard, pp. 218-219). A widespread view that smaller declines in electricity generation reflect less dramatic real declines in overall output overlooks the minimum level of electric power needed for any production at all. Electric power is in effect much less sensitive to recessio n and depressio n than is industrial and consumer production (Bard, p. 213)
3. 1999.The Journal of Commerce, 26 July Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile. Russia 2000, p. 22 and Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Forecast. Russia (July 2000), appendix